Beginner’s Guide to Smart Contracts_ Unlocking the Future of Decentralized Transactions
Beginner’s Guide to Smart Contracts: The Basics
Welcome to the exciting world of smart contracts! These self-executing contracts with the terms directly written into code are revolutionizing the way we think about transactions and agreements. Let’s embark on this journey by understanding the foundational elements and potential of smart contracts.
What Are Smart Contracts?
Imagine a contract that automatically executes itself without any human intervention once certain conditions are met. That’s the essence of a smart contract. These contracts are stored on blockchain networks, primarily Ethereum, and run on decentralized platforms. Unlike traditional contracts, which rely on intermediaries like lawyers or notaries, smart contracts automate the process, reducing the need for middlemen and ensuring transparency and security.
How Do Smart Contracts Work?
At its core, a smart contract is a piece of code deployed on a blockchain. When certain predefined conditions are met, the contract automatically executes, making transactions seamless and instantaneous. Here’s a simple breakdown:
Creation: A smart contract is written in a programming language like Solidity and deployed to a blockchain network. Ethereum is the most popular platform for deploying smart contracts.
Execution: Once deployed, the contract is stored on the blockchain. When the conditions specified in the contract are met, the contract executes automatically.
Completion: The transaction is recorded on the blockchain, ensuring that the details are immutable and transparent.
Advantages of Smart Contracts
Automation: Smart contracts eliminate the need for intermediaries, automating the process and reducing delays.
Transparency: All transactions are recorded on a public ledger, providing full transparency and traceability.
Security: The code is immutable once deployed, reducing the risk of fraud and errors.
Cost Efficiency: By removing intermediaries, smart contracts significantly reduce transaction costs.
Real-World Applications
Smart contracts are not just a theoretical concept; they have real-world applications across various industries. Here are a few examples:
Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Smart contracts power decentralized exchanges (DEXs), lending platforms, and savings accounts. They allow users to lend and borrow assets without intermediaries.
Supply Chain Management: Companies can use smart contracts to automate and verify transactions, ensuring authenticity and reducing fraud.
Real Estate: Property transactions can be streamlined using smart contracts, ensuring that payments are released only when conditions are met.
Insurance: Smart contracts can automate claims processing, ensuring that payouts are made only when predefined conditions are satisfied.
Getting Started with Smart Contracts
If you’re intrigued by the possibilities of smart contracts, here’s a step-by-step guide to get you started:
Learn the Basics of Blockchain: Understand how blockchain technology works and its various applications.
Choose a Blockchain Platform: Ethereum is the most popular platform for smart contracts, but others like Binance Smart Chain and Polkadot are also gaining traction.
Familiarize with Smart Contract Languages: Learn programming languages like Solidity (for Ethereum) to write and deploy your smart contracts.
Practice on Test Networks: Before deploying on the mainnet, practice on test networks like Ropsten or Rinkeby to understand the process and troubleshoot issues.
Explore Development Tools: Use tools like Remix IDE, Truffle Suite, and Hardhat to write, test, and deploy your smart contracts.
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
While smart contracts offer immense potential, there are common pitfalls that beginners should be aware of:
Security Risks: Smart contracts are immutable, so any errors in the code can lead to significant financial losses. Thoroughly test your contracts and consider using audit services.
Complexity: Writing smart contracts can be complex. Start with simple contracts and gradually increase complexity as you gain experience.
Gas Fees: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Ethereum can incur significant gas fees. Consider using Layer 2 solutions or alternative blockchains with lower fees.
Legal Considerations: While smart contracts automate processes, they don’t replace legal agreements. Ensure that your contracts comply with relevant laws and regulations.
Conclusion
Smart contracts are transforming the way we handle transactions and agreements, offering unprecedented levels of transparency, efficiency, and security. As you explore this fascinating field, remember that the potential is vast and the possibilities endless. Whether you’re interested in DeFi, supply chain management, or any other industry, smart contracts have something to offer. Dive in, experiment, and unlock the future of decentralized transactions.
Beginner’s Guide to Smart Contracts: Exploring Advanced Concepts and Future Trends
In the first part, we delved into the basics of smart contracts, their workings, advantages, real-world applications, and how to get started. Now, let’s explore some advanced concepts and the exciting future trends that are shaping the world of smart contracts.
Advanced Concepts in Smart Contracts
Interoperability:
As blockchain technology evolves, the need for interoperability—the ability of different blockchains to communicate and work together—becomes increasingly important. Projects like Polkadot and Cosmos aim to create a web of interconnected blockchains, allowing smart contracts from one platform to interact with those on another. This enhances the versatility and potential use cases of smart contracts.
Layer 2 Solutions:
While Layer 1 blockchains like Ethereum handle the base layer transactions, Layer 2 solutions like Optimistic Rollups and zk-Rollups aim to solve scalability issues by moving transactions off the main blockchain. These solutions offer faster and cheaper transactions, making smart contracts more accessible to a broader audience.
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs):
DAOs are organizations governed by smart contracts. Members propose and vote on decisions using tokens. This decentralized governance model allows for transparent and democratic decision-making, eliminating the need for traditional management structures.
Oracles:
Oracles are third-party services that provide smart contracts with external data from the real world. For example, an oracle can feed a smart contract the current price of Bitcoin or the weather in a specific location. This enables smart contracts to interact with off-chain data, expanding their use cases.
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs):
NFTs are unique digital assets stored on a blockchain, often representing ownership of a piece of digital art, music, or any other form of digital content. Smart contracts play a crucial role in creating, managing, and trading NFTs, providing a new realm of possibilities in the digital economy.
Building Secure Smart Contracts
While the potential of smart contracts is immense, security remains a critical concern. Here are some best practices to build secure smart contracts:
Code Audits:
Thoroughly audit your smart contract code to identify and fix vulnerabilities. Consider using third-party auditing services to ensure the highest level of security.
Testing:
Test your smart contracts extensively on test networks before deploying them on the mainnet. Use tools like Truffle, Hardhat, and Ganache for testing.
Gas Optimization:
Optimize your smart contract code to reduce gas fees and improve efficiency. Use techniques like loop unrolling and minimizing function calls.
Use Established Libraries:
Leverage established libraries like OpenZeppelin, which provide secure and tested smart contract templates and libraries.
Bug Bounty Programs:
Participate in bug bounty programs to incentivize security researchers to find and report vulnerabilities in your smart contract code.
Future Trends in Smart Contracts
The future of smart contracts is bright and full of potential. Here are some trends that are shaping the landscape:
Mainstream Adoption:
As more industries recognize the benefits of smart contracts, we’ll see increased mainstream adoption. From supply chain management to real estate and beyond, smart contracts are poised to revolutionize various sectors.
Regulatory Developments:
As smart contracts gain popularity, regulatory bodies are beginning to establish guidelines and frameworks to ensure compliance and protect users. Staying informed about regulatory developments is crucial for both developers and users.
Enhanced User Experience:
Developers are working on creating more user-friendly interfaces and tools to make interacting with smart contracts easier for non-technical users. This will make smart contracts more accessible to a broader audience.
Integration with IoT:
The Internet of Things (IoT) and smart contracts are set to create a new wave of innovation. Smart contracts can automate the interaction between IoT devices, creating a seamless and secure ecosystem.
Decentralized Identity:
Decentralized identity solutions powered by smart contracts are gaining traction. These solutions offer users greater control over their personal data and privacy, while ensuring secure and verifiable identities.
Conclusion
Smart contracts are not just a technological trend; they are a transformative force with the potential to redefine how we conduct transactions and manage agreements. From their foundational concepts to advanced applications and future trends, smart contracts offer a glimpse into a decentralized and more efficient future.
As you continueto explore the world of smart contracts, remember that the journey is just beginning. The potential applications are vast, ranging from financial services to supply chain management, and even beyond into areas like healthcare and government services.
Educational Resources and Community Support
To further your understanding and skills in smart contract development, there are numerous educational resources available:
Online Courses and Tutorials: Websites like Udemy, Coursera, and Khan Academy offer courses on blockchain technology and smart contract development. Platforms like ConsenSys Academy provide free courses specifically focused on Ethereum and smart contract development. Documentation and Guides: Official documentation from blockchain platforms like Ethereum (https://ethereum.org/) and Binance Smart Chain (https://docs.binance.org/) offer in-depth guides and best practices. GitHub repositories often contain open-source smart contract projects and detailed explanations. Community Forums and Social Media: Join communities on platforms like Reddit (r/ethereum, r/smartcontracts), Stack Overflow, and Discord channels dedicated to blockchain and smart contract development. Follow influential developers and thought leaders on Twitter for updates and insights.
Real-World Examples and Case Studies
To understand the practical applications of smart contracts, here are some real-world examples and case studies:
Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Platforms like Uniswap, Aave, and Compound utilize smart contracts to offer decentralized trading, lending, and borrowing services without intermediaries. DeFi has revolutionized financial services, providing greater access and transparency to global users. Supply Chain Management: Companies like IBM and Maersk are using blockchain and smart contracts to enhance supply chain transparency and traceability. Smart contracts automate processes like payment release upon delivery confirmation, reducing fraud and delays. Real Estate: Platforms like Propy and BitPesa use smart contracts to streamline property transactions, ensuring secure and transparent ownership transfers. These platforms automate payment processes and legal agreements, reducing the need for middlemen. Healthcare: Projects like Medicalchain utilize blockchain and smart contracts to secure and manage patient data, ensuring privacy and integrity. Smart contracts can automate insurance claims processing based on predefined conditions.
Challenges and Future Directions
While smart contracts offer numerous benefits, they also face several challenges that need to be addressed for broader adoption:
Scalability: Current blockchain networks like Ethereum face scalability issues, leading to high transaction fees and slow processing times. Solutions like Layer 2 scaling and alternative blockchains are being developed. Security: Despite best practices, smart contracts can still be vulnerable to exploits. Ongoing research and development focus on improving security through advanced cryptographic techniques and formal verification methods. Regulatory Compliance: As smart contracts become more prevalent, regulatory frameworks are evolving to ensure compliance and protect users. Understanding and adhering to these regulations is crucial for developers and businesses. Interoperability: Ensuring that smart contracts and blockchain networks can interact seamlessly with each other is an ongoing challenge. Solutions like cross-chain bridges and interoperability protocols are being developed.
Conclusion
Smart contracts represent a paradigm shift in how we handle agreements and transactions, offering unprecedented levels of transparency, efficiency, and security. As the technology continues to evolve, its applications will expand, addressing challenges in various industries and paving the way for a decentralized future.
By staying informed, engaging with the community, and continuously learning, you can be at the forefront of this exciting technological revolution. Whether you’re a developer, a business owner, or simply an enthusiast, the world of smart contracts holds immense potential for innovation and transformation.
Bitcoin mining in 2026: Is home-mining profitable with new tech?
As we step into a new decade, the landscape of Bitcoin mining continues to evolve, driven by technological advancements and changes in the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem. With 2026 on the horizon, it’s an exciting time to ponder the future of home-mining. Could the latest tech innovations make it more profitable than ever, or will new challenges emerge? Let's delve into the possibilities and the elements that could shape the home-mining experience in the coming years.
The Evolution of Bitcoin Mining
Bitcoin mining has undergone significant changes since its inception in 2009. Initially, anyone with a decent computer could join the network. However, as Bitcoin's value soared, so did the competition. Today, mining is dominated by large-scale operations with specialized hardware and enormous energy resources. In 2026, we are likely to see further shifts, driven by technological advancements, regulatory changes, and shifts in market dynamics.
Technological Advancements
Technological progress is a double-edged sword in the world of Bitcoin mining. On one hand, it offers opportunities to make the process more efficient and cost-effective. On the other hand, it can make it harder for individual miners to compete with the big players. Let's explore some of the key technologies that could impact home-mining in 2026.
Next-Gen Mining Hardware
The development of next-generation mining hardware will play a pivotal role in determining the profitability of home-mining. Innovations like ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) miners have already transformed the landscape, offering higher efficiency and better hash rates. In 2026, expect even more specialized and efficient hardware that consumes less power and generates more hash power per watt.
These new devices could be a game-changer for home miners, potentially making it easier to compete on the network. However, the cost of these advanced devices could be a significant barrier. Home miners will need to weigh the benefits of cutting-edge tech against the initial investment required.
Energy Efficiency
Energy costs are a major factor in the profitability of mining operations. In recent years, there has been a significant push towards developing more energy-efficient mining rigs. In 2026, expect further innovations in this area, including hardware that uses renewable energy sources more efficiently and software that optimizes power consumption.
For home miners, this means the potential for lower operational costs and greater sustainability. If mining rigs can be powered by renewable energy sources like solar or wind, the overall cost of mining can be drastically reduced, potentially making home-mining more profitable.
Blockchain Innovations
Blockchain technology itself is evolving, with new consensus mechanisms and network upgrades that could impact mining. For example, some cryptocurrencies are exploring proof-of-stake (PoS) models, which don't require mining. While this doesn't directly impact Bitcoin, it shows how the broader blockchain ecosystem is changing.
In 2026, Bitcoin itself may see improvements in its mining algorithm or network efficiency that could make mining more profitable. These changes could come from technological upgrades like the implementation of Schnorr signatures, which aim to improve transaction speed and reduce energy consumption.
Economic Factors
The economic landscape will also play a crucial role in determining the profitability of home-mining. Bitcoin's value, energy costs, and regulatory environment are some of the key factors that will influence whether home miners can make a profit.
Bitcoin Price
The value of Bitcoin is notoriously volatile, but long-term trends suggest continued growth. In 2026, Bitcoin’s price could reach new heights, driven by increasing adoption and institutional investment. If Bitcoin’s value continues to rise, the potential rewards for miners will increase, making home-mining more attractive.
Energy Costs
Energy costs are a critical component of mining profitability. In 2026, if technological advancements continue to make mining rigs more energy-efficient, the operational costs for home miners could drop significantly. This reduction in costs will make it easier for individual miners to compete with larger operations.
Regulatory Environment
Regulation is another crucial factor that will influence home-mining profitability. In many parts of the world, mining operations are subject to stringent regulations regarding energy consumption, environmental impact, and tax compliance. In 2026, expect governments to continue to tighten these regulations to address concerns about the environmental impact and energy consumption of mining.
For home miners, navigating this regulatory landscape will be essential. New regulations could impose additional costs or operational restrictions, making it more challenging to profit from mining. On the other hand, favorable regulations could make home-mining more viable.
The Future of Home-Mining
In 2026, the future of home-mining will likely depend on a combination of technological advancements, economic factors, and regulatory changes. Let’s explore some potential scenarios for home-mining in the coming years.
Scenario 1: The Tech-Savvy Home Miner
In this scenario, technological advancements make home-mining more accessible and profitable. New, highly efficient mining rigs are developed, and energy costs drop due to innovations in renewable energy. Bitcoin’s value continues to rise, and favorable regulatory conditions allow home miners to operate without excessive burdens.
In this world, home-mining could become a viable and profitable endeavor for tech-savvy individuals with the know-how and resources to set up and maintain a mining operation. These miners could enjoy the benefits of lower operational costs and potentially higher rewards.
Scenario 2: The Regulatory Challenge
In this scenario, technological advancements are made, but regulatory challenges make home-mining less profitable. Governments impose stricter regulations on energy consumption and environmental impact, leading to higher operational costs for home miners. Bitcoin’s value remains stable, but not enough to offset the increased costs.
In this case, home-mining may become a niche activity, reserved for those with the expertise and resources to navigate the regulatory landscape. Larger, well-funded mining operations may dominate the market, making it harder for individual miners to compete.
Scenario 3: The Hybrid Future
A more balanced scenario could see technological advancements making home-mining more efficient, while regulatory changes create some challenges. Bitcoin’s value continues to rise, but at a slower pace than in previous years. Energy costs remain a significant factor, but renewable energy sources provide some relief.
In this scenario, home-mining could thrive as a hybrid model. Some miners might focus on large-scale operations, while others opt for smaller, more sustainable setups. The key will be finding the right balance between technology, economics, and regulation.
Conclusion
As we look to 2026, the future of home-mining looks both promising and uncertain. Technological advancements offer exciting possibilities for increased efficiency and profitability, but they also bring new challenges. The economic factors and regulatory environment will play crucial roles in determining whether home-mining can remain a viable and profitable activity.
For those considering a home-mining setup, staying informed about these trends and being prepared to adapt to changes will be essential. Whether you’re a tech enthusiast, an investor, or just curious about the future of Bitcoin mining, keeping an eye on these developments will help you navigate the evolving landscape.
Bitcoin Mining in 2026: Is Home-Mining Profitable with New Tech?
Continuing from where we left off, let’s explore the second half of the potential future for home-mining in 2026. As we look deeper into the technological, economic, and regulatory factors that could shape the landscape, we'll also discuss the practical considerations for those planning to set up a home-mining operation.
Practical Considerations for Home Miners
Setting up a home-mining operation involves more than just acquiring the latest hardware. There are several practical considerations that home miners need to keep in mind to ensure profitability and sustainability.
Infrastructure and Setup
A successful home-mining operation starts with the right infrastructure. This includes a stable power supply, adequate cooling systems, and a secure internet connection.
Power Supply: Reliable and stable power is crucial. Fluctuations in electricity can lead to downtime and lost opportunities to mine. Setting up a backup power system, such as a generator or a battery storage system, can help mitigate this risk. Cooling Systems: Mining rigs generate a lot of heat, so effective cooling systems are essential to prevent overheating and maintain optimal performance. This could involve high-efficiency cooling units or even liquid cooling systems. Internet Connection: A stable and fast internet connection is necessary for communication with the Bitcoin network. High latency or poor connectivity can lead to lost transactions and reduced efficiency.
Financial Planning
Mining Bitcoin involves both initial and ongoing costs. Here are some financial considerations:
Initial Investment: The cost of mining hardware can be substantial. Investing in the latest, most efficient technology can pay off in the long run but requires careful budgeting. Operational Costs: These include electricity, cooling, and maintenance. Keeping track of these costs and finding ways to reduce them, such as using renewable energyBitcoin Mining in 2026: Is Home-Mining Profitable with New Tech?
Continuing from where we left off, let’s explore the second half of the potential future for home-mining in 2026. As we look deeper into the technological, economic, and regulatory factors that could shape the landscape, we'll also discuss the practical considerations for those planning to set up a home-mining operation.
Practical Considerations for Home Miners
Setting up a home-mining operation involves more than just acquiring the latest hardware. There are several practical considerations that home miners need to keep in mind to ensure profitability and sustainability.
Infrastructure and Setup
A successful home-mining operation starts with the right infrastructure. This includes a stable power supply, adequate cooling systems, and a secure internet connection.
Power Supply: Reliable and stable power is crucial. Fluctuations in electricity can lead to downtime and lost opportunities to mine. Setting up a backup power system, such as a generator or a battery storage system, can help mitigate this risk. Cooling Systems: Mining rigs generate a lot of heat, so effective cooling systems are essential to prevent overheating and maintain optimal performance. This could involve high-efficiency cooling units or even liquid cooling systems. Internet Connection: A stable and fast internet connection is necessary for communication with the Bitcoin network. High latency or poor connectivity can lead to lost transactions and reduced efficiency.
Financial Planning
Mining Bitcoin involves both initial and ongoing costs. Here are some financial considerations:
Initial Investment: The cost of mining hardware can be substantial. Investing in the latest, most efficient technology can pay off in the long run but requires careful budgeting. Operational Costs: These include electricity, cooling, and maintenance. Keeping track of these costs and finding ways to reduce them, such as using renewable energy, can help maximize profitability. Profitability Calculations: To determine if home-mining is profitable, miners need to calculate their expected hash rate, electricity costs, and the value of the Bitcoin they mine. Tools and calculators can help with these estimates.
Community and Support
The cryptocurrency community offers a wealth of resources and support for miners. Engaging with this community can provide valuable insights and help troubleshoot any issues that arise.
Forums and Social Media: Platforms like Reddit, Bitcointalk, and Twitter are great places to ask questions and share experiences. These communities often provide the latest information on mining hardware, software, and best practices. Technical Support: If you encounter technical issues, don’t hesitate to seek help from the community. Many miners are willing to share their knowledge and troubleshoot problems.
Technological Innovations
Technological advancements are a key driver of the future of home-mining. Here are some specific innovations that could impact home-mining in 2026:
Advanced Mining Hardware
As we’ve mentioned, next-generation mining hardware will likely play a significant role in the profitability of home-mining.
ASIC Miners: These specialized devices are designed specifically for mining and offer high efficiency and hash rates. Expect to see advancements in ASIC technology that make these devices even more powerful and energy-efficient. GPUs and FPGAs: While less efficient than ASICs, GPUs and FPGAs are still viable options for home miners. Innovations in these technologies could make them more competitive with ASICs in terms of cost and performance.
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency is a major focus for new mining technologies. Here are some innovations that could make a difference:
Eco-Friendly Mining Rigs: Hardware that uses less power and generates less heat will be more attractive to home miners. Innovations in cooling technology, such as liquid cooling, could help reduce energy consumption. Renewable Energy Integration: Using renewable energy sources like solar or wind power can significantly reduce the operational costs of mining. Advances in energy storage technology could make it easier to store and use renewable energy for mining.
Software Optimizations
Software plays a crucial role in mining efficiency and profitability. Expect to see advancements in mining software that optimize performance and reduce energy consumption.
Mining Pools: Joining a mining pool can increase your chances of earning a block reward and provide more stable income. Software that integrates seamlessly with mining pools could improve the overall mining experience. Mining Software Updates: Continuous updates and improvements to mining software can help keep rigs running efficiently and securely. Home miners should stay informed about the latest software releases and updates.
Economic Trends
Economic factors will also play a significant role in determining the profitability of home-mining in 2026.
Bitcoin Price
The value of Bitcoin is a major determinant of mining profitability. In 2026, Bitcoin’s price could reach new heights, driven by increasing adoption and institutional investment. However, it’s important to note that Bitcoin’s value is highly volatile, and predicting its future price is challenging.
Adoption Trends: As more people and businesses adopt Bitcoin, its value is likely to increase. Keeping an eye on adoption trends can provide insights into Bitcoin’s potential future price. Market Sentiment: Market sentiment can have a significant impact on Bitcoin’s price. Positive news and developments can drive up the price, while negative news can lead to price drops.
Energy Costs
Energy costs are a critical component of mining profitability. In 2026, expect energy costs to be influenced by technological advancements and regulatory changes.
Renewable Energy: As renewable energy sources become more affordable and accessible, their use in mining operations could become more widespread. This could lead to lower energy costs for home miners. Regulatory Impact: Government regulations on energy consumption and environmental impact could affect energy costs. Staying informed about regulatory changes is essential for home miners.
Regulatory Environment
The regulatory environment will play a crucial role in shaping the future of home-mining.
Environmental Regulations
Governments around the world are increasingly concerned about the environmental impact of Bitcoin mining. Expect to see stricter regulations on energy consumption and environmental practices.
Carbon Footprint: Regulations aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of mining operations could lead to higher operational costs for home miners. However, these regulations could also drive innovation in energy-efficient technologies. Waste Management: Proper disposal and management of mining waste will be important. Regulations in this area could impact how home miners set up their operations.
Tax and Compliance
Taxation and compliance are significant considerations for home miners.
Taxation: Governments may impose taxes on the income generated from mining. Understanding the tax implications and staying compliant with tax laws will be essential for home miners. Reporting Requirements: Regulations may require miners to report their mining activities and the income generated. Keeping accurate records and ensuring compliance with these requirements will be important.
International Regulations
Bitcoin mining is a global activity, and regulations can vary widely from one country to another. Home miners should be aware of the regulatory environment in the country where they operate and any international regulations that may apply.
Cross-Border Regulations: Regulations in one country can affect miners in another country. For example, if a country imposes strict environmental regulations on mining, it could impact miners who use cross-border power sources. Legal Compliance: Staying informed about international regulations and ensuring legal compliance will be crucial for home miners operating across borders.
Conclusion
As we look to 2026, the future of home-mining looks both promising and uncertain. Technological advancements offer exciting possibilities for increased efficiency and profitability, but they also bring new challenges. The economic factors and regulatory environment will play crucial roles in determining whether home-mining can remain a viable and profitable activity.
For those considering a home-mining setup, staying informed about these trends and being prepared to adapt to changes will be essential. Whether you’re a tech enthusiast, an investor, or just curious about the future of Bitcoin mining, keeping an eye on these developments will help you navigate the evolving landscape.
In the next decade, home-mining could become a more accessible and profitable endeavor if the right balance of technology, economics, and regulation is achieved. With the right preparation and a keen eye on the future, home miners may find themselves at the forefront of this exciting new frontier in cryptocurrency mining.
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